M. Raee; M. Omidi; S. Torabi; M. Khidayari
Abstract
Due to the exclusively biological and physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles, they are widely used in biology and agriculture. Currently, silver nanoparticles (Nano-Ag) have wide application in nanotechnology. Nano-TiO2 as a semiconductor metal oxide nanocrystal has a special position in industrial ...
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Due to the exclusively biological and physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles, they are widely used in biology and agriculture. Currently, silver nanoparticles (Nano-Ag) have wide application in nanotechnology. Nano-TiO2 as a semiconductor metal oxide nanocrystal has a special position in industrial world. The mentioned nanoparticles were used in cell culture of Aloe vera. In this study, the effects of nano-elicitors including Nano-Ag and Nano-TiO2 were investigated on cell suspension culture of Aloe vera. Manipulation of cell culture media by abiotic elicitors is an important way for inducing production of valuable metabolites. Aloin is the major anthraquinone compound found in Aloe vera. It has antimalarial, antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. The induced callus by elicitors was collected in five periods and analyzed by HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatograghy). Results showed that Nano-Ag caused to increased content of aloin to 43.7% within 48 hours and then this amount was reduced to the control level. Nano-Tio2 caused to increased content of aloin to 11.6% in 48 hours after elicitation; however, 168 h after treatment, it was reduced to 8.8% as compared to the control. Results suggest that nanoelicitors can regulate the production of Aloin in Aloe vera.
S. Shamsian; M. Omidi; S. Torabi
Abstract
Aloe (Aloe vera L.) is one of the most valuable plants in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and health industries. Due to the growing need for this plant, extensive research has been done on in vitro culture. In vitro propagation of this plant is a convenient and efficient way for the massive proliferation ...
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Aloe (Aloe vera L.) is one of the most valuable plants in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and health industries. Due to the growing need for this plant, extensive research has been done on in vitro culture. In vitro propagation of this plant is a convenient and efficient way for the massive proliferation and the use of secondary metabolites. In this study, the best method of sterilization for the explants derived from Aloe vera seedlings and the effects of growth regulators BAP, NAA, and activated charcoal were investigated. The experiment was based on a completely randomized (CRD) design with 3 replications and 5 treatments. BAP at concentrations of 5 and 4 mg per liter, NAA at 0.2 mg per liter, and activated charcoal at 2 grams per liter were used in the MS-medium to induce the lateral buds of seedlings. Fungicide carbendazim 1% (20 min.), alcohol 70% (30 seconds), sodium hypochlorite 2.5% (20 min.), mercuric chloride 0.1% (10 minutes) was identified as the best protocol. In addition, MS-medium with 5 mg/L BAP and 2 grams per liter of activated charcoal was known to be the best environment to induce the lateral buds. The buds obtained in the MS-medium containing 2.0 ppm NAA were rooted and 85% of cuttings survived in the greenhouse.
M.` Ghorbanpour; N. Majnon Hossieni; Sh. Rezazadeh; M. Omidi; K. Khavazi; M. Hatami; R. Ghafarzadegan
Abstract
In order to indicate the water deficit stress and nitrogen fertilization effects on alkaloids yield and content of Hyoscyamus niger L. plant parts (root and shoot), this experiment was conducted at the full flowering growth stage in greenhouse conditions. Plants were treated with different nitrogen application ...
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In order to indicate the water deficit stress and nitrogen fertilization effects on alkaloids yield and content of Hyoscyamus niger L. plant parts (root and shoot), this experiment was conducted at the full flowering growth stage in greenhouse conditions. Plants were treated with different nitrogen application (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg/ha N as ammonium nitrate in the form of solution, N0-N3) before the commencement of water deficit stress treatment (30, 60 and 90% depletion of water from field capacity, W1-W3). Extracted alkaloids were analyzed by Gas chromatography /mass spectrometery (GC/MS) analysis using a Younglin Acme 6000 GC system equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) and HP-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 µm). The identification of alkaloids was based on the comparison of their GC retention time and mass spectra data with their standards substances. Results showed that the highest alkaloid content values in root (HYO: 0.281 %DW; SCO: 0.232 % DW) and shoot (HYO: 0.937%DW; SCO: 0.416%DW) were achieved in plants grown under sever water deficit stress (W3) accompanied with nitrogen supply of 225kg/h (N3). The maximum and minimum (20.52 and 8.95mg.plant-1) total alkaloids yield in whole plant were obtained in N2W1 and N3W3 treatments, respectively. The survey results indicated that H. niger in the treatment of moderate water deficit stress (W2) along with 150kg N.h-1 (N2) in addition to having a good amount of content and performance of both alkaloids, it also contained the highest level of SCO, indicating alkaloid quality.
M. Omidi; B. Behjat Sasan; M.R. Naghavi; S. Kalate Jari; A.R. Etminan
Abstract
Taxus baccata L. is an endangered forest tree species. Taxol is recognized as a highly effective anticancer drug. It is mainly extracted from the bark and needles of taxus. A factorial experiment was carried out on the base of completely randomized design to find the best combination of media, explants ...
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Taxus baccata L. is an endangered forest tree species. Taxol is recognized as a highly effective anticancer drug. It is mainly extracted from the bark and needles of taxus. A factorial experiment was carried out on the base of completely randomized design to find the best combination of media, explants and plant regulators for callus induction in order to produce biomass taxol. In this research three factors were used as follows: MS medium and 4-modified MS media, which differ in salts and nitrogen construction and glutamine, two plant regulators (NAA, 2, 4-D and Kin), and two explants (stem and leaf). Following two months of callus, the tissue was transferred to ½ MS supplemented with 0.4 mg/l 2, 4-D+ 3mg/l Kin. The maximum percentage of callus induction (96.97%) was obtained from stem segments on ½ MS (475 mg/l KNO3, 412.5 mg/l NH4NO3) medium in combination with glutamine (100 mg/l) and containing 2,4-D (1mg/l) + Kin (1mg/l). The best response (80.67 mm2) was observed from leaf on ½ MS in combination with glutamine (100 mg/l) and containing NAA (2mg/l)+ Kin (0.2 mg/l) for callus size. Stem callus showed meristematic cells. According to the results, glutamine showed significant effects on callus induction and growth. The effect of low concentrations of growth regulators on callus induction and callus size was also more than that of high concentrations of growth regulators.
F. Montazeri; M. Omidi; N. Imani
Abstract
Ferula gummosa Boiss. is an endangered plant species of the family Apiaceae and endemic to Iran whose mass production is exposed to serious problems due to being monocarpic and prolonged seed dormancy. The first step to improve this precious medicinal, industrial and economic plant is ability in production ...
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Ferula gummosa Boiss. is an endangered plant species of the family Apiaceae and endemic to Iran whose mass production is exposed to serious problems due to being monocarpic and prolonged seed dormancy. The first step to improve this precious medicinal, industrial and economic plant is ability in production of numerous sterile plantlets in order to prepare explants of appropriate vigour. In this survey, in vitro culture of galbanum was performed in MS 1/4 medium by a factorial trial in the form of completely random design including A factor in 2 levels (embryo culture horizontally; and vertically so that half part of the embryo is inside the medium and cotyledons stand upward) and B in 4 levels (containing 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 g/L char-coal) in 3 repeats. Several growth traits were measured during 5 weeks. Seed culture was also studied in 4 medium including distilled water, solid MS 1/4, soil and moist filter paper. Embryo culture ways were resulted in vigorous and numerous plantlets in shorter time, in comparison with seed germination ways. Finally the best option was vertically culture of embryo in MS 1/4 medium containing 0.5 g/L char-coal. Obviously this method will provide the plant with a very similar condition to growth in natural environment.
P. Sarkheil; M. Omidi; S.A. Peyghambari; S. Davazdahemami
Abstract
Seeds were cultured on Whatman paper by sterile water in cube, solid MS and solid MS. Seeds were not germinated on medium but 80% of seeds were germinated on Whatman paper, so this method is used as a basic method. Seeds were germinated after four days and after two weeks of culture they had normal roots, ...
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Seeds were cultured on Whatman paper by sterile water in cube, solid MS and solid MS. Seeds were not germinated on medium but 80% of seeds were germinated on Whatman paper, so this method is used as a basic method. Seeds were germinated after four days and after two weeks of culture they had normal roots, shoots and leaves. Cultures were incubated at 25◦ ±2◦C and exposed to 16 hours light per day. Explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and solidified with 0.8% (w/v) agar. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.8 before autoclaving. Different types of explants were used for this experiment; root, crown, apical meristem, hypocotyls and leaf. Between different kinds of explants leaf didn’t response to callogenesis. The effects of different combinations of 2,4-D (2,4-Diclorophenoxy acetic acid) and BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) were studied. Subculture was done every 3 weeks. In order to determine regeneration ability, the initiated callus were transferred to a regeneration medium which was composed of macronutrient, micronutrient and organic components of MS, 2,4-D (0.2 mgL-1), BAP (0.5, 2, 4, 15, 20 and 25 mgL-1) and MS without hormones, 0/3% sucrose, pH 5.8 for 4 weeks. In the presence of 2,4-D (2 and 4 mgL-1) and BAP (0.25 and 0.5 mgL-1) in the callus induction medium, high callus production percentage was reported. The hypocotyls, in contrast to the primary leaf explants, and apical meristem segments were more responsive to the tested combinations of 2,4-D and BAP. The callus from all explants was soft, watery and loose friable. During subculture period, hypocotyls and apical meristem were proliferated more on medium with the addition of (0.25 and 0.5 mgL-1) BAP and (2 and 4 mgL-1) 2,4-D than the medium contain BAP (1 mgL-1) and 2,4-D (8 mgL-1). The present study, in F. vulgare MS media without any hormone was sufficient to regenerate the plantlet from the hypocotyls, roots and apical meristems explants. In MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.5, 2 and 4 mgL-1) and 2,4-D (0.2 mgL-1) shoots were formed earlier when the number of subculture was increased 4 times.
